Global Projects Management Essay

1 (a). Clearly, human beings have been involved in the management and organization of big projects for quite some long time. This has recently become a common feature of the modern, globalize generation. This has significantly led to the temporality of the originally permanent organizational structures lending them disposable. This has also led to the emergence of the novel forms of linkages between people, nationalities and organizations. However, these projects usually encounter problems which greatly contribute to time and cost overruns as well the decline in quality. The main question is how the cultural differences as well as the institutional differences affect this process of global projects and their outcomes. Human beings interact in a social environment which is made of formal and informal values, norms, rules, codes of conduct, laws and regulations. There are also different policies and polities together with a variety of organizations. These are usually termed as culture and institution. The main aim of these is to reduce ambiguity and uncertainty in behaviors of human beings such as decision making and interaction. In large global projects, there are many factors that affect them in one way or another. These include client related, management related, and project context factors. The cultural and institutional differences are the basis for all these factors. Therefore, it clearly seen that the cultural and institutional differences have an impact and observable implications on the global projects. This will depend on the situation where the particular project is found. For instant, in an Information and Technology industry, a project to come up with a more sophisticated technology can be affected by the presence of poor management whose basis is the cultural differences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   b). The Bullwhip Effect refers to a phenomenon that is observable in forecast-ridden channels used in distribution. It is also known as Whiplash Effect or Forrester Effect. This is mainly in place since the demand of the customers is not always stable. Therefore, there is need for a business to forecast the demand so that it can perfectly balance its inventory and the other resources. These forecasts are usually based on statistics reason as to why they are never perfect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For instant, if the demand is high, there will be a significant increase in orders made that will mean that the business should increase its inventory. When the demand falls, the participants will increase their orders hence the business will need to reduce their inventory.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This can also be caused by the behavioral and operational factors. The behavioral causes include the misuse of the main stock policies, the misinterpretation of the entire feedback and time delays, the panic order reactions that are caused by the demands that are not met and the perceived risk of the player’s main rationality. The operational causes are those that depend on demand processing such as the errors due to forecast and the adjustment of the inventory depending on the demand observation. The variation due to lead time, order synchronization, promotion and forward buying as well anticipation of knowledge all form part of the operational causes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The implication of this to the retail industry is that they should be aware of the demands of their customers so that they do not overstock or under stock. Therefore, this concept enables them to predict the direction of the demand to avoid making losses or not meeting the demands of the customers which will inconvenience them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   c). Accurate forecasting is necessary in any industry so that the industry is able to produce to meet the demands of the buyers. For instant, in the travel industry, the management should look at the right time when people are traveling towards a certain direction. For instant, in the morning, most people are headed for jobs in town. Therefore, there should be availability of enough vehicles that will transport all the workers to their destinations. However, in the evening, the reverse is true. The workers want to report home from work thus these  Ã‚   vehicles should also be in plenty to transport them back home. In this way, the travel industry follows the directional flow of the people hence is in a position to meet their demands. At this time, the fare prices go up since people are many hence the demand for transportation is high. During the holiday season, people travel from towns to rural areas. At this time, the vehicles offering services to these people are many and the prices are high as well since the demand for the services is high. At this time, fare from rural areas to town is low since majorities are going against the current. When the schools open, majorities are traveling back to towns so that they can report to their jobs hence the demand for transport to town at this time is high. This means that the prices must also be raised and more vehicles put in the on road to meet these demand. This is however made possible by forecasting of the demands of the people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   d). Inventory control is defined as the process that minimizes the total cost of inventory. It has three major factors that are taken into consideration. These include the cost of holding the cost, the cost of placing an order and the cost of shortage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is defined as the model that determines the optimal quantity to be ordered in order to minimize the total variable costs that are necessary to order and hold an inventory. Under this, the assumptions taken are that the annual demands for the product or service are known and are always constant. There is no consideration that is taken with regard to the lead time, the receipt of all the orders takes place once the order is made, the quantity discounts are not worked on as part of the model and the cost of ordering is taken to be constant. The Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) is defined as the optimal quantity that is to be produced in order to improve the inventory. It is based on a trade-off between the inventory and the set up of the production costs. Here, the trade-off examination   assumes   that the demand for the items that are in the inventory is continuous and at a constant rate, productions that are made to improve the inventory are at regular intervals, the production of products is continuous as well as at a constant rate during a production rerun and the production cost is always fixed. This model is similar to the EOQ model. The difference is in the time that is required to change the inventory. In the EOQ, replenishment is instantaneous, while the EPQ model assumes gradual replenishment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A collaborative planning system has many features that are distinct to enhance its success. For instant, the automotive production industry has its objectives that bind it to the performance of its duties in order to meet these goals. This company has intense connection of all production-related functions into an integrated computerized production system. This will make the performance successful.   A collaborative planning system has a competent network that will ensure that all the workers are in a position to access the data that the need in order to perform their duties. For instant, the automotive industry is developing a web based collaborative surrounding that will facilitate the design and the production together with planning systems. A collaborative planning process also requires a collaborative working system, information sharing without discrimination and exchange of ideas among the people in the different locations. In this form of system, each production process is defined in terms of products, processes involved, resources used and their general relationship. In the automotive industry therefore, the environment is made of four modules. These include: Digital mock-up that supports the entire product digital mock-up process. Has a process planning module that is essential in the provision of time estimation and the full analysis of working procedures. It also has a layout planning module that is responsible for designing the correct layout of the production lines. It has a work place layout which is the major system for workplace design the ergonomic consideration.   A collaborative planning system has room for the employees and the entire community to hive contributions to what they want to perform. For instant, they can use questionnaires or interviews in order to get the feeling of the individuals concerning the particular question at hand should be   given a chance and the ideals of the people be taken into consideration. This system should also be a multidimensional system that is capable of handling many issues at once. For instant, in the automotive industry, the system should be able to produce more than one type of a product at singe time at the same time be in a position to control that other related operations. This is made possible through the use of a sophisticated information technology as well as the maximum use of advanced tools and equipment and skills. 3). Lean production refers to the process of   producing goods using less resources as compared to the traditional mass production. That is, there is less waste, less human effort, less manufacturing space, less investments in the tools to be used, fewer inventories and less time required to develop a new product. For many, lean is the entire set of tools that are important in that they assist in the identification as well as the steady elimination of wastes. These tools also improve the quality of the product that is to be produced at the same time ensures there is a significant production time and cost reduction. Lean Manufacturing has numerous tools that are important in solving the problem of waste elimination. This is made up of the continuous process improvement as well as mistake-proofing which are an indication that this it taking the same approach to the other improvement methodologies. The second approach to Lean Manufacturing focuses upon the improvement of the flow of work in the system. The techniques that have been chosen to improve the flow include the pull production and leveling production. This however, is different from the methodologies which greatly accounts for its unpopularity. The distinction between the two approaches is the prime approach that is used to achieve the set goals and regulations. Smooth flow implementation exposes the quality problems that existed before leading to reduction in waste in a natural manner.   Therefore, this approach is advantageous since it takes a system-wide perspective naturally. On the other hand, the waste focus has its main perspective which is sometimes assumed wrongly. Lean has competing principles that are closely connected whose main goals are to reduce the costs of production through the elimination of wastes. These principles include the pull process, waste minimization, perfect first-time quality, continuous improvement, the flexibility. It also includes the process of building and maintaining a long term relationship with its suppliers, load leveling process and the production flow as well as the visual control. The process of lean implementation is therefore focused on getting the correct things, at the correct time, to the right place, in the preferred quantity in order to achieve a perfect level of work flow while minimizing the waste as well as being flexible and easily  Ã‚   changed. The concepts of flexibility and ability to change are basically required to enhance production leveling. However, they have their analogues in other processes. They are not open ended hence not expensive capability requirements. They therefore have to be understood, appreciated and embraced by the employees involved in the product building process. The cultural and managerial features of Lean are more important than the actual tools or methodologies of the process of production itself. There are numerous examples of Lean tool implementation that do not have known benefit which are often blamed on the entire understanding of Lean in the organization which is weak. Lean’s main aim is to make the work simple enough to understand, to do and to manage in the shortest time possible. Most of the basic goals of lean manufacturing are common sense and that avoiding unnecessary costs is more profitable that increasing sales. In a manufacturing industry, if the recourses are kept constant and productions costs cut down, then the industry will definitely make very high profits. This will only be possible are the management and the workers involved do their duties satisfactorily and the management ensures that the entire processes are in time.    References. Jalan, K. S. Chaudhuri, (1999). An EOQ Model for Deteriorating Items in a Declining Market with SFI Policy, The Korean J. Comput. & Appl. Math No. 2. 437-450. C. Giri, K. S. Chaudhuri, Deterministic Models of Perishable Inventory with Stock Dependent Demand Rate and non-linear Holding Cost, European Journal of Operational Research 105 (1998), 467-474. Vahidian, H. R. Tareghian, (1999). Production Planning in Fuzzy Environment. The Korean J. Comput. & Appl. Math. No. 2, 315-330. M. Lee, J. S. Yao, Economic Production quantity for fuzzy demand quantity and fuzzy production quantity, European Journal of Operational Research 109 (1998), 203-211 De, A. Goswami, A replenishment policy for items with finite production rate and fuzzy deterioration rate, Opsearch 38 (2001), No. 4, 419-430.      

Wine Making

The differences between red and white wines include the kinds of grapes used, the fermentation and aging process, and the character and flavor of the wine. White wines are almost always made from white grapes, although they can be made from black grapes, since the juice in most black grapes is clear. When white wine is made, the skins of the grapes are separated from the juice when they are put into a crushing machine. After filtering etc, the wine is aged by storing it in stainless steel or occasionally oak containers and bottled after a few months. White wines, then, are made without skins or seeds and are essentially fermented grape juice. They have a light character and have crisp fruit flavors and aromas. They can be sweet or dry or somewhere in between Red wine is usually made from red or black grapes, although all the kinds of grapes usually have a clear juice. The process of making red wine is different from the one of making white wine. After the grapes have been in the crushing machine, the red grapes with their skins and everything sit in a fermentation vat for a period of time, typically about one to two weeks. . The skins tend to rise to the surface of the mixture and form a layer on top. The winemaker frequently mixes this layer back into the fermenting juice (which is called must). After fermentation is over, the new wine is taken from the vat. A little â€Å"free run† juice is allowed to pour and the rest of the must is squeezed into â€Å"press wine†. The wine is clarified and then is stored, usually in oak containers, for several months until it is ready to be bottled. The oak containers add additional wood tannins and flavors to the wine which help to intensify it and add richness to it. The result of this process is that red wines exhibit a set of rich flavors with spicy, herby, and even meaty characteristics. Late harvest ice wines are the exceptions in both hemispheres. The grapes are typically left on the vine to increase the sugar content and may be harvested up to a few months after the traditional harvest. An indigenous yeast fermentations starts by itself when wild yeast strains – originating in the vineyard – start fermenting. Wild yeast can take up to a week to begin the fermentation because their initial populations are small compared to an inoculated fermentation. But there is strenuous debate as to whether the wild yeast come in from the vineyard or are already present in the cellar on winemaking equipment.

American history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

American history - Essay Example On the other hand, withdrawing the army from was essentially an act of moral defeat for the United States in the war against the soviet communist totalitarianism. Such withdrawal could have allured the procommunist blocs around the world. As a result, the most difficult task for Nixon Presidency was to find out a decent exit route from the war. Overview of the American Dilemma in the War In fact, President Johnson’s failure to find out a decent exit from the Battle of Vietnam played a crucial role in the presidential election in 1969. As a result, Nixon was elected. But several issues that were crucial to the interest of America at home and abroad and also of Nixon himself were, in some way or other, entwined with his success to end the war. In the first place Nixon was confronted with the massive casualties that occurred on either sides of the war. Furthermore, he has to confront with the mass protest at home and abroad against the moral decay of the US Army in the events lik e â€Å"My Lai Massacre†, â€Å"Green Beret Affair† and the operation â€Å"Speedy Express†, etc. ... Such public insolence could have turned against the ruling party in the next election, if he had have failed to find out a decent exit from Vietnam. In national politics, Nixon’s dilemma was -as it is said in an article, â€Å"Richard M. Nixon - The Vietnam war†: â€Å"If [Nixon’s] plan involved escalation, Democrats could charge that he was abandoning attempts to reach a peaceful solution and could point to mounting American casualties and prisoners of war. If he negotiated a solution that led to the fall of the government in Saigon, Democrats could charge that he had abandoned an ally†.3 Indeed, this dilemma of Nixon played crucial role in shaping his policy for the Americans’ role in the Vietnam War. Now, even though Nixon successfully retained his position in the Oval Office in 1973, he failed to find out a safe and decent exit from Vietnam. There is no doubt that by perpetuating the US presence in Vietnam, he had been able to retain the big-bro ther image for his country in international power politics. But obviously, he had paid a high price for it.4 Sacrificing the United States’ image as the savior, Nixon’s offensive stance as well as his â€Å"Madman† earned him a bad reputation. Scholars often claim that his defensive stance would have helped more the causes of South Vietnam to survive as a democratic state than the â€Å"Madman Doctrine† could do. What Started the War? The Vietnam War started, in 1955, as a conflict between the communists-backed North Vietnam and the US-ally-backed South Vietnam. But in the 1960s, the United States began to involve in the war increasingly. As a result, the war, which was initially a colonial struggle between the French and the pro-communist northern

Effectiveness of various mediums of advertisement in the automobile Research Paper

Effectiveness of various mediums of advertisement in the automobile industry in North American consumer market - Research Paper Example This essay "Effectiveness of various mediums of advertisement in the automobile industry in North American consumer market" outlines different tools of advertisement that the BMW and Audi use and their effectiveness.Television has been used a medium of advertisement since its inception. This has been due to the fact that it can reach mass audience quickly. It also offers numerous advantages by offering very powerful impact of the message it carries to numerous audience. This convenience and flexibility is due to the widespread popularity and ease with which it reaches millions of viewers internationally and nationally. With the audio and visual effects television provides and creates a lasting impact of the product being marketed (Philip, 90). With the interaction of color, drama, sight, sound, and motion it ensures that the message conveyed is persuasive and strong. Addition of some tactics and props could also enhance its impact. The Audi and BMW automobiles utilized this form of m arketing due to its impact. In its marketing through television BMW was able to introduce its very own youtube page known as the BMW TV. This site is used to display numerous BMW television ads and driving and racing videos of all the models created by the company. The Audi automobile in contrast focused in film sponsorship so that it could reach out to the television audience focusing around numerous movies (Jean, 24). The movie â€Å"Iron Man 2† had several product placements of the numerous Audi models which included the Audi A8 and R8 Spyder. iii. Complain Generally, both Audi and BMW could have had innovative and different marketing strategies in promoting their brand, through the use of film and youtube pages as forms of television advertising and product placement (Simon, 63). Both strategies seem to have been effective for both companies in reaching out to their greater customer bases and potentially increased their company sales. iv. Results The BMW TV marketing strategy for BMW has been very effective as youtube is one of the most popular social networking website and has allowed the company to reach out to numerous consumers. Through the creation of the unique youtube page it has helped the company have a very strong brand identity in the customer’s perspective. Audi choice of using movies to reach to their television audience was a good strategy. Through the marketing of the cars on film, consumer choices could be affected as the consumers could be persuaded to buy the car brands since the celebrities in t he movies could be seen to own one of their own. This is an effective and efficient

The topic is to discuss developing a case study to analyze and solve Assignment

The topic is to discuss developing a case study to analyze and solve - Assignment Example According to Herzlinger (2006) strong nursing leadership, integrated with a transformational style of leadership would be most effective in overseeing the successful realization of new procedures such as electronic documentation systems in the merged organization (Amerson, 2011). The procedures conducted in nursing homes are usually conducted by nurses. This means that the nurses are in the best position to support urgency for implementing the changes needed while also communicating the vision of change to other medical workers. Nurses can also easily empower each others’ initiatives to support the change while also revising the new merged organization's internal culture so as to create new traditions. Overseeing the Installation of a new Documentation System During transitional phases during which important changes are occurring due to mergers, it might be necessary to employ additional workers who are tasked with helping with implementation challenges. This is especially imp ortant if either of the nursing homes are short-staffed. Even in case the nursing home is fully staffed, it might be necessary for additional staff to be hired so that the nurses have a chance to focus on learning the new methods of operation and adapt to them. This will require time as well as energy. The nurses from the different nursing homes may also require additional time in which to test the efficiency of new operational methods. Since each nursing home’s former documentation models were different there will be a need to test the most efficient method before implementing it in the merged institution (Walker, 2006). This precedes a combined educational training course conducted for the workers of both nursing homes together. The Importance of Mergers between two Nursing Homes Mergers always result in more profits for the health institutions concerned. Such productivity ensures that the institutions survive in an increasingly competitive economy. At present, many nurses working in nursing homes are forced to work in spite of shrinking reimbursements. To remain productive in an age in which the federal healthcare reforms are likely to result in negative financial consequences, mergers have to be implemented (Large, McLeod, Cunningham and Kitson, 2005). Mergers will be a way for both nursing homes to remain solvent while catering to the main objective- the care of patients. Merging will also result in reduced costs as the two nursing homes will be able to use their unity as leverage when purchasing larger supplies. The new merged institution will be able to ask for volume discounts due to higher usage. In addition, if one of the nursing homes were struggling, renovations made in order to make it possible for both institutions to merge would cause make it more lucrative. Why Merger between the Nursing Homes can be difficult to Implement The process of merging, though, is not easily accomplished. There are difficulties in deciding on the operations to streamline, as well as the different methods of documentation used by both nursing homes. When the workers of one nursing home are not well acquainted with their prospective partners, there may be discomfort between the staff of both homes. There may also be changes in leadership that confuse the staff or make them apprehensive about

Diffusion of innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diffusion of innovation - Essay Example Further, the change in the mobile phones from simple wireless communication tools to smartphones can also be attributed to the communication through certain channels. The growth of mobile phones and how it has changed over time has been mostly associated with the internal as well as external influences. Mobile phones initially were considered as status symbol therefore the relative degree of prestige associated with that helped it to diffuse over various social channels. The spread of the technology and the ability of the firms to make innovation and bring out cheaper and expensive versions of mobile phones have actually created different niches within the markets catering to different social and economic needs of the consumers. Much of the innovation in mobile phones has also to do with the globalization and the break-up of one market monopoly as technology was diffused across different regions with different economic status and incremental improvements at the local level.( M.k Uddi n, 2006) As discussed above, the market trends specifically globalization and interaction of individuals across different countries actually help diffuse the gap between the countries. For example, mobile phones were launched in Scandinavian countries in same year and through individual interaction as well as globalization of market trends, they soon were adapted in other cultures also. (R.Peres et al, 2010) Innovation across countries and the spread of word of mouth can also be associated with what is called Fad theories. According to Fad theories, greater number of adaption of the technology actually creates a bandwagon effect. Institutional pressures make the use of and adaption of technology a social norm thus creating strong word of mouth for the technology to spread across the countries. Network externalities also allow products to actually move ahead from one stage of

Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Government - Essay Example In contrast, unitary governance system is characteristic of power centralization. Instead of having independent states or provinces, as it is the case in the United States, a unitary system functions based on subnational units. Critical to note is that these subnational units are subject to the influence of the central government. In this respect, the central authority governs local governments under the unitary system. Great Britain and France are good examples of governments that practice the unitary system. While national and state governments share power under federalism, the central government decentralizes or delegates power to subnational units under the unitary form of government (Lansford 44). Political cultures that adopt federalism are those that believe in more than one body of legislation. These cultures lack parliamentary systems, and instead rely on bicameral constitutional provisions for legislation formulation and implementation. In contrast, most unitary governments are unicameral. In order to share and subsequently regulate power, legislation at the state or province level is either approved or rejected by the head of the national government. Most importantly, both state and national governments work together in social, economic, or political matters. Religious beliefs and practices vary from one region to another. In the United States, religious freedom is constitutionally provided for. In other words, the constitution makes it clear religion and state are two different entities. What this means is that the government, through congress, cannot interfere with an individual’s choice, belief, or practice of religion. The constitutional provisions made in the First Amendment accord protection to the religious freedoms of the American people. The free exercise clause prohibits congress from interfering with religious beliefs or practices of the American people (Horwitz 63). On

Childhood Obesity in the United Kingdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Childhood Obesity in the United Kingdom - Essay Example The government has noted the ever-increasing trend in childhood. They have hence come up with a policy that will aid in reversing the trend. In the past 25 years, childhood obesity in the United Kingdom has shown a great increase in the childhood obesity cases. The statistics posit that 33% of the girls between two to nineteen years are obese, while 25% of the boys within the same age limit falls victims too. Most significantly, the condition has led to harmful effects, making the country consume over two billion pounds in policies formulation and implementation. Additionally, the condition had led to the reduction in life expectancy among children by nine years. The number is even projected to rise. England has the highest cases of obesity compared to the United States of America. The survey conducted shows that Wales and Scotland have remained the leading countries in childhood obesity rates. The rising trend has caught the attention of the government. It has declared corporate soc ial responsibility as the final solution to the statistics reduction (Iacobucci, 2014).  The study done by Fraser & Edwards (2010), reveals that diverse reasons related to the environment, lifestyle, diet, socioeconomic status, and genetics encapsulates the causes of childhood obesity. The modern environment plays a great role in the determination of child growth. First, the prevalence of advertisements promoting unhealthy food consumption has been on rising. Besides, the activities within the child environmental growth area cut down physical activity and exercises adoption. Food consumption spearheads the obesity physiology, with consumption of food rich in calories and saturated fats. Furthermore, with the escalation in the concept of globalization and advanced technology, there is the adoption of a tendency to live sedentary lifestyles: more time in watching television and computer games.

Prisoner of War Camps in United States during World War 2 Essay

Prisoner of War Camps in United States during World War 2 - Essay Example Describing the typical disorientation and vulnerability of these German prisoners, historian Ron Robin writes, "Captivity destroyed all remnants of their predictable routine and hurled the surrendering troops into a maelstrom of disorder, uncertainty, and disgrace. . . . At every stage of the arduous journey from the temporary stockades in Europe and Africa to POW camps in the United States, the prisoners were systematically deprived of all remaining symbols of their past, pride, and identity." (Ron Robin, 1995) American and German prisoners experienced vastly different traveling conditions en route to their permanent camps. American captives were either marched on foot or jammed into "40-and-8" railroad box cars. Prisoners were sometimes locked in these cars for days, without food, water, or any kind of sanitary facilities. The result, according to ex-POW Kenneth Simmons, was "a trip that would turn men into swine." (Simmons, 1960). Compounding the danger was the "friendly" fire of Allied planes that had no way of knowing who was trapped inside their targets. It is no exaggeration to compare this harrowing experience to the notorious "Middle Passage" endured by captive Africans on their way to slavery in the New World. German prisoners initially suffered similar dangers, but once safely on board ship creature comforts greatly improved, although they did face the possibility of being sunk by their own U-boats. Once they had landed safely in the United States, German prisoners were amazed to discover the comfort of a Pullman car. The POW camps in U.S. were all over the country, while largely in Michigan, due to the warm, mild climate. Starting with Michigan, POWs were generally at Fort Custer. They had all these POWs and there must have been 400-500 camped in there. Although in the camps, the POWs' work was to make Gerber baby food. They sowed all the vegetables and after that grounded them into Gerber baby food. They were good workers. Two of such camps were Camp Owosso and Fort Custer in Michigan: Camp Owosso in Michigan: The U.S. Government, during WWII setup a Prisoner of War Camp at the corner of M-21 and Carland Rd. The area was used as a dirt race track, but since it was not used during the war, it served as Camp Owosso. The prisoners were captured on the battlefields of Europe and Africa and after being brought to Owosso, were allowed to work on area farms, the Roach Canning Factory at Owosso or the Aunt Janes Pickle Factory on Easton Rd. near New Lothrup. Under the Emergency Farm Administration Labor Program, most prisoners chose to work and get paid, over staying confined in camp. The prisoners preferred working at the farms, as they given extra food and there had to be one guard for every 3 prisoners. They earned about 80 cents a day. The first prisoners were typical Nazis, but the later ones of 1945 had a different attitude. They preferred farm work if they had a chance. At the Canning Factory, corn, peas and tomatoes were canned there and the prisoners were transferred by truck to and from the plant each day. As they rode through town, they would sing and holler and wave to anyone they saw. They apparently enjoyed being prisoners, far from

Management Consultancy Services Essay Example for Free

Management Consultancy Services Essay Following the Enron case and others, the place and role of professional advisers within corporate governance was thrown into public focus and as a result the professional management bodies across the world revisited their policies on various regulatory mechanisms. The policies formulated by Institute of Management Consultancy, United Kingdom is taken as a reference in the discussions below. The general principles are summarized. Self-regulation is best delivered through a modern, professional approach, i.e. through standards backed by disciplinary arrangements that are supported by external validation and a Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Guidelines that apply to all members. A framework is required at the organizational and individual level to ensure that clients are able to make an informed decision about their choice of consultancy advice. A sector-wide definition of management consultancy should be developed that will assist in a number of ways, including the debate around self-regulation, and be sufficiently flexible to accommodate new providers of consultancy. The sector-wide definition should be Management consultancy is the provision to management of objective advice and assistance relating to the strategy, structure, management and operations of an organization in pursuit of its long-term purposes and objectives. Such assistance may include the identification of options with recommendations; the provision of an additional resource and/or the implementation of solutions. The definition of a management consultant should be Management consultants are those organisations and/or individuals that participate in the process of management consultancy within a framework of appropriate and relevant professional disciplines and ethics designed for the activity of management consultancy. The principle of detailed technical regulation of management consultancy should be rejected and that the essential skills of consulting are primarily behavioral, stressing the importance of competences and ethical standards. Any regulatory regime requires a significant element of independence from the profession in terms of membership and operation. The option of a regulatory system that provides easily accessible information from clients on the performance of firms and individuals should be considered carefully. The global nature of consultancy means that the complexities of jurisdiction and applicable law need to be taken into account and the dangers of regulatory systems being used as restraints on trade or for the furtherance of the interests of trade blocs recognized. The question of the interaction of parallel regulatory systems needs to be explored thoroughly with a wide range of professional and trade bodies. Management consultancy is immensely competitive. Any self-regulatory regime must not fetter the ability of management consultants to compete for business, with the opportunities for other companies that they may bring. The Government does not have a formal role in regulating the profession of management consultancy. Its role is to encourage and support stakeholders in management consultancy, including clients and other institutes, to develop a system that protects users and enables the UK profession to compete in a global market. 2. PROFESSIONAL CONSULTANCY ORGANIZATIONS CHALLENGES Traditionally the state has awarded associations of professionals the privilege of self-regulation in return for an assurance that members abide by a set of standards and an ethical code of conduct to ensure protection of the public interest. As increasing levels of education and social awareness give rise to greater expectations traditional structures, rules and regulations are challenged and justification for privilege is questioned. The position of trade and professional bodies is also made more complex by the increasing demand from members for such bodies to defend them from these pressures. This representational role has to be balanced carefully against the public protection responsibility. The regulatory function itself is not without its pitfalls. They are cent red on ensuring that everyone in the market is covered, how any regulations are to be enforced and also possibly ensuring that restrictive trade practices legislation is not used against them. All such arrangements are potentially unstable and perhaps are held together predominantly by the fear of more onerous statutory regulation. But these difficulties are compounded in an international environment. The increasing globalization that result in emergence of a single market mean that the developments of rules and regulations concerning two issues competition amongst professionals and standardization of qualifications are of particular concern. But the profession is also global in nature and regulation has also to be seen in against a shifting pattern of international trading and political structures. One driver for change is seen as ..deregulation and privatization, combined with a gradual shifting of policy-making to the global level. If regulation is the key, what form should it take? It can be introduced at a number of levels, i.e. the activity (technical regulation); individuals (standards and qualifications); firms (the trade association model) or the profession as a whole (ethics and principles). All of them have their difficulties. Some believe that the accounting profession in the USA had the wrong approach, i.e. Based on strict adherence to rules, it inadvertently encouraged innovations of the worst kind; creative accounting. 3. SHOULD MANAGEMENT CONSULTANCY BE REGULATED? There is, equally, the view that regulation is not needed at all. The market will regulate itself. This, of course, ignores that fact that business takes place within a societal framework and the view that the market is the ultimate regulator is, surely, flawed. It is based on the notion, sound in theory but questionable in practice, that the market is a perfect mechanism. Others suggest that the secret lies in the education of the client to make it an informed marketplace. It also has to balanced with the view that, if management consultancy wishes to be seen as professional, Professional awareness and behavior come when the early juggling with a little knowledge gives way to skilled application of a generally accepted body of knowledge according to accepted standards of integrity. It is also the case that the development of partnerships between clients and professional service firms (including investment by the latter in the former) may well limit the willingness of clients to shop around. The key question then is what is regulation for. In essence of course it is to ensure that the customers or stakeholders receive the goods and services that they need and that the suppliers claim to provide. In the case of management consultancy this must mean that clients receive the best possible advice to help them in taking their organizations forward. In a market dominated by a few global brands, it is about extending the transparency and extent of choice to enable clients to choose on the basis of expertise, quality of delivery and cost. It is also about balancing the need to extend these principles down from the firm to the individual and the costs of any system. The government view has been that good self-regulation coupled with demanding industry and people standards help companies compete in a global marketplace. When combined with effective self-regulatory systems and where appropriate supporting mechanisms exist to encourage good practice and resolve cross-border disputes, this development will reduce barriers and realize a single market worldwide. 4. STEP 1 IN REGULATAION WHO ARE MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS? A number of definitions have been developed in recent years. The following is a small selection: Management consultants are used first to provide wider additional expertise than is available within a single organization. Thus a change in production or marketing may require expertise in designing and implementing a new system. Secondly, management consultants are used to provide objective appraisals where it is often easier for the expert outsider to see the broader picture and recognize the long-term requirements. Thirdly, the management consultant may be needed to provide additional assistance where there is a temporary increase in the management workload. This may be to cope with a major change or new development in any area of management responsibility. The rendering of independent advice and assistance on management issues. This typically includes identifying and investigating problems and/or opportunities, recommending appropriate action and helping to implement those solutions. Management consulting is an independent professional advisory service assisting mangers and organizations in achieving organizational purposes and objectives by solving management and business problems, identifying and seizing new opportunities, enhancing learning and implementing changes. The term Management Consultancy applies when a firm is engaged for a definitive duration to undertake specific enquiries, conduct studies, identify options and make recommendations or give advice of a strategic nature relating to the organization, management and operation of [the organization] for consideration/implementation. These definitions or descriptions have a number of threads in common. They are concerned with management issues of a significant, although not necessarily strategic, importance. Secondly, they are concerned with the role of the expert outsider. Finally, they extend the role of management consultants beyond advice and into implementation. Taking these threads into account the Institute believes that the sector-wide definition should be Management consultancy is the provision to management of objective advice and assistance relating to the strategy, structure, management and operations of an organization in pursuit of its long-term purposes and objectives. Such assistance may include the identification of options with recommendations; the provision of an additional resource and/or the implementation of solutions. Some have raised the issue of whether, if the professional activity is defined, the role of the individual management consultant also needs to be placed within a definitional framework. 5. REGULATION WIDER ISSUES Conversely, it is likely to be the case that others, even if introduced for the best of reasons, may see any system of regulation, as a restraint of trade. The danger is that the introduction of any self-regulatory system may also require an accompanying increase in bureaucracy and industry overheads and that the perceived failure of any such system may provoke a call for statutory intervention. The potential costs of any regulatory regime, however light its touch, are also of concern when Government does not seem to appreciate the costs, whether financial or opportunity, that may arise. Additional administration for practices and activity by professional bodies require resourcing and, in many cases, it is practitioners who have to bear the burden. The reality is that management consultancy, like every other business, is immensely competitive. Any regulatory proposals must take into account the need for the consulting profession to retain flexibility to adapt to a new global and technology-driven world. While global practices dominate the market, internal consultancies within domestic companies are turning to external and, hence, foreign markets, for business and small practices in niche markets are also competing on a global stage. The key is responding to the needs of clients rather than a regulatory regime that will always be behind developments in the marketplace. 6. CODE OF ETHICS INSTITUTE OF MGMT CONSULTANTS, USA All IMC USA members pledge in writing to abide by the Institutes Code of Ethics. Their adherence to the Code signifies voluntary assumption of self-discipline. The Code specifies: Clients * Members will serve their clients with integrity, competence, and objectivity, using a professional approach at all times, and placing the best interests of the client above all others. * Members will establish realistic expectations of the benefits and results of their services. * Members will treat all client information that is not public knowledge as confidential, will prevent it from access by unauthorized people, and will not take advantage of proprietary or privileged information, either for use by them, their firm or another client, without the clients permission. * Members will avoid conflicts of interest, or the appearance of such, and will disclose to a client any circumstances or interests that might influence their judgment and objectivity. * Members will refrain from inviting an employee of an current or previous client to consider alternative employment without prior discussion with the client. Engagements * Members will only accept assignments which they possess the expertise to perform, and will only assign staff with the requisite expertise. * Members will ensure that before accepting any engagement a mutual understanding of the objectives, scope, work plan, and fee arrangements has been established. * Members will offer to withdraw from a consulting engagement when their objectivity or integrity may be impaired. Fees * Members will agree in advance with a client on the basis for fees and expenses, and will charge fees and expenses that are reasonable, legitimate and commensurate with the services delivered and the responsibility accepted. * Members will disclose to their clients in advance any fees or commissions that they receive for equipment, supplies or services they could recommend to their clients. Profession * Members will respect the individual and corporate rights of clients and consulting colleagues, and will not use proprietary information or methodologies without permission. * Members will represent the profession with integrity and professionalism in their relations with their clients, colleagues and the general public. * Members will report violations of this Code to the Institute, and will ensure that other consultants working on behalf of the member abide by this Code. The Institute of Management Consultants USA, Inc. (IMC USA) adopted its first Code of Ethics in 1968. Since that time IMC USA has modified the wording of the Code for additional clarity and relevance to clients. The current Code was approved February 22, 2002. It is consistent with the International Code of Professional Conduct published by the International Council of Management Consulting Institute (ICMCI) of which IMC USA is a founding member. Members who apply for the CMC (Certified Management Consultant) designation must pass a written examination on the application of the IMC USA Code of Ethics to client service. The CMC mark is awarded to consultants who have met high standards of education, experience, competence and professionalism. 7. CODE OF ETHICS THE GROUND REALITY This paper is based on an Ethics Survey conducted by the Institute of Management Consultants among American business consulting clients of IMC members who are Certified Management Consultants (CMCs). Results * Over-promising expected results and/or benefits (Nearly half of the respondents-46%) * Not serving the best interest of the client (32%) * Under-delivering results vs. commitment (31%) A high percentage of respondents40%indicated that they believe professional service firms would lie to protect themselves. Thirty-nine percent (39%) also indicated that they think employees would lie to protect themselves. Counterbalancing this, however, was the expression of 54% of the respondents who indicted that in a difficult situation, they believe employees will behave honorably. Half of the respondents also believe that professional service firms do place a high value on the welfare of the clients organization. It can therefore be concluded that while business executives believe that both employees and professional service firms do have an interest in the success and welfare of the organization/enterprise, they also feel that both groups would be inclined to act to protect their own interest or enhance their own position-an action which could inevitably be to the detriment of the enterprise. Two additional issues in which professional service firms can be faulted by business executives included: * Allowing the projects scope to expand/creep. (One-fourth of the respondents indicated this was happening frequently.) * Being imprecise or non-specific when setting expectations. (Only 19% indicated that this happens frequently, yet 68% indicated this occasionally happens.)

Creating a Suitable Braking Assembly

Creating a Suitable Braking Assembly To understand the advanced material and processing technologies specifically to study the interaction between different materials and the design process to create a suitable braking assembly consisting of disc, caliper and brake pads. Disc A disc brake or rotor is used to stop or slow down a moving vehicle. There are two types of disc brakes namely solid and ventilated disc .The rotating disc is connected to the axle and rotates with the wheel. When brake is applies the kinetic energy is converted to thermal energy. The temperature range of a disc braking under braking is 400C-600C. The weight if the disc also matters. For better braking and longer disc life. The disc should have grooves to disperse water to give maximum performance under wet conditions. Disc which are likely to corrosion are coated with anti rust paint. It should be resistant to wear and tear. The reliability of the disc increases when it responses fast and gives safety in all situations. Caliper The main function of the caliper is to hold the brake pads and to hub the brake fluid. The caliper is the actuator in braking and is attached to the steering knuckle. The pistons inside the calipers push against the brake pads which rub against the disc. There are two types of caliper-floating and fixed calipers. Fixed type does not rotate and are fixed. Floating type rotates in relation with the disc on an axis. The caliper should be clean and dirt free for maximum performance. It should also be corrosion resistant. Since calipers are actuators, they have to be made for maximum safety. Need to check if all the pistons are working or if they are engaged. Calipers should also dissipative heat produced. The calipers should provide complete safety in all conditions. Brake pads Brake pads are friction materials mounted on the caliper. They have high friction and help stop the vehicle. They wear out and have to be replaced for better braking. Brake pads or friction pads are the most important part in a brake assembly as this is the part that stops the vehicle. The most important property of the pad is the have a constant high coefficient of friction in a wide range of temperature. The pads should have enough surface area. Heat produces during braking should be dissipated or absorbed. It should have high melting point or the pads could face a phenomenon called brake fade. The brake pads must not wear out rapidly neither should it wear the disc. All the braking action should be quiet, even and stable. Disc Since the disc is thin, the material should be high compressive strength and should not deform under pressure or stress. Therefore the disc rotors need to have high melting point, high dynamic and thermal stability. Rotors should also be wear and rust resistant. The material should also have high dampening to absorb all the vibrations and noise when braking. It should also high have high thermal conductivity and should dissipate heat quickly. It should be able to minimize thermal expansion and should also be hard enough to withstand cracking. Finally the material should have superior machineability and castability. Caliper Material selection for caliper is crucial as it takes in high pressure and stress. It should be light and should have high tensile strength. The pistons should be made of high strength materials to transfer the force from the hydraulic fluid to the brake pads for effective braking. The material should not deform under high stress. Caliper design can get complicated so it should be easy to machine. The material should help in absorption and dissipation of heat and vibrations. Moreover it ought to be rust and dirt resistant. It should also exhibit high dynamic and thermal stability. Brake Pads The material selection for brake pads must have high coefficient of friction for a wide range of temperature and high melting point. Moreover it should withstand heat and dissipate quickly. Another desirable quality of the material is low dust and also low NVH which gives brakes a quiet operation. The material should provide a fade free operation and help eliminate rotor squeal. Pads should have long life but should be rotor friendly also. Since the pads are replaced frequently the pads should be easily machineable and the materials should be easily available. Disc and Caliper The material selected for Disc rotors and caliper is Cast Iron. Cast iron is an alloy of iron and carbon, where the carbon presence is about 3%-4.5% by weight. It is popular because of its low cost and ability to take complicated shapes and ease of machineability. The mechanical properties can be divided into the following Tensile strength-Cast Irons have comparatively less tensile strength but it serves the purpose in disc brakes. The strength is of the magnitude of 7 tonnes per square inch. Hence making the disc brake safe under tensile loading. Compressive strength-Cast iron is popular for its high compressive strength and can take the high compression from the friction material under braking. Consequently brake caliper can take in high load and resist bending or crack. High melting point-The melting ranges from 1140C to 1200C, which is more than sufficient for disc rotors. This helps in removing the disc fade phenomenon and helps braking more efficient at high temperature. Resistances to deformation-Cast irons resist any form of deformation and give a very rigid frame. Hence any form of cracking or breaking is eliminated by careful manufacturing methods. Resistance to Corrosion-Cast iron provides resistance to rust as it inhibits the oxidation of iron. But any part subjected to rust is coated with paint for extra protection. Wear and tear The chosen material is known for its hardness. Wearing out or eroding cast iron is incredibly difficult. Cast iron has proved its excellent abrasion resistance for years. For this reason, cast iron has been selected for disc rotors and caliper for excellent braking performance. Durability and Environment Issues Cast Iron are known to have high durability against fuels where the disc and caliper are often in attendance. The hydraulic fluids used in calipers cause no harm to the metal and hence provide good braking. Cast irons are environmentally friendly material which can be recycled and also doesnt require high energy in machining which reduces cost and pollution. Therefore Cast Iron proves to be the suitable material for disc rotors and brake caliper as it serves the entire design requirement. Adding to the qualities is the dampening ability which helps in NVH free running. It even has an extremely low coefficient of expansion .moreover it also has low sound emission level and also dissipates heat quickly. All these qualities add up to make the cast iron the suitable material. Pads The material selected for brake pad is Asbestos because of its high coefficient of friction. It mainly found in silicate minerals and usually found as long, thin fibrous crystals. Asbestos became popular with its physical properties and came to be used widely in spite of its health hazards. The physical properties are divided below. Tensile Strength Asbestos is known to have very high tensile strength which makes it perfect for use as brake pads. As the brakes are applied at high speed, the pads are rubbed against the disc at high speed producing high tensile force. Therefore asbestos provides the require strength to counter it. High Melting point Asbestos has melting point in the order of 1200C-1500C.This helps in removing the fear of brake fade giving high performance even at high temperatures. Resistance to deformation Asbestos is found to be flexible material. The flexibility of the material helps it to change angle and help increase the braking as the surface of the pads will be evenly run over the disc generating excellent braking. Adding to flexibility is its high tensile strength. Wear and tear Asbestos has high coefficient of friction which makes it perfect but since asbestos are fibers, they tend to wear out but on a reduced or controlled rate according to the manufacturing method. They are designed to wear out eventually. But asbestos are durable material resistant to a number of elements. Environmental issues Asbestos are not environment friendly material neither is it safe for humans. Its fibers often cause health risk which makes it quiet dangerous to use. Asbestos has a number of outstanding abilities such as heat, fire, chemical, friction, electrical, acoustical resistance. All these qualities help in providing a smooth braking feat. It insulates heat and helps dissipate heat quickly. The acoustical properties help absorb the noise and sound and give a quieter operation. Since its chemically inert, it helps in operation in any conditions. Moreover it is insoluble in water and corrosion has no effect. All these qualities add up to prove that asbestos is a good material for brake pads. Disc Disc brake rotors are made using a simple process of casting. Casting is a manufacturing process where the selected material is poured into a mold which has the shape and geometry of the design and then allowed to solidify. Once the metal is solidified, the finished product is taken out by ejection or breakage of mold. Casting is also helpful in mixing two or more materials.The current manufacturing route for the disc brake rotor is casting as cast iron has excellent cast ability and machineability. Since casting has been used for a very long time, it has been developed over the years too. Its economical because of the low equipment cost and tooling cost which helps keep cost down. Disc rotors are made using sand mold. The disc shape is made in a sand cavity and molten cast iron is poured into the cavity. The liquid metal flows to all the space and empty crease in the cavity and takes the shape of the mold. Once the mold shape is taken, it is allowed to cool. After the mold has been cooled to a temp where it can be taken out of the mold, the product can be ejected or the mold can be broken to take the product. Once it is casted, the shape of the disc rotor has been created. It then goes for machining where it is trimmed to final dimensions and level the surface for critical surfaces/dimensions. After machining, the disc is taken over to surface abrasive section where all the rough edges and surface are made clean and smoothen to increase smoothness. After all the work has been done it might be given a coat of anti rust or left over for packaging. Many disc manufacturers drill holes and mill the disc rotors for better air flow and heat dissipation. Casting is a low cost process but often it come with flaws. The rotors would have sand inclusions, bubbles, porosities and usually end up in one piece which can induce really high stress. This can cause uneven cooling or heating and produce cracks in the rotor. Once a crack is formed in a disc, it can lead to the destruction of the whole disc. Therefore the cracks should be taken care of beforehand. To counter this problem, many companies resort to what is called ASTM high temperature cast iron. They use vacuum assist degassed to eliminate the pososite to help stop cracking. Caliper The selected material for caliper is cast iron. Since cast iron have good castability, calipers are also made from casting. But since calipers take a very complex shape and have minute detailing, a high pressure casting is used. High pressure casting is similar to sand casting except that very high pressure of the order 14-140MPa is used to force the liquid to the mould giving good surface finish and also production of very thin sections. The process involves the cast iron melted to be flowing liquid. A mold of the caliper is made and the liquid is injected to the die using a plunger. The liquid fills the die cavity and since high pressure is used, the liquid goes to the smallest creases and takes the whole of the die space leaving less room for inclusions or porosity. Once the liquid is cooled, the die is opened and the product is taken out for further processing. Since the surface finish is good, there is less need to machining. It may be treated with chemicals and all the complicated shapes are cleaned. The caliper is given a protective paint coating for anti rust property. The major advantage is of the high pressure casting is the high production rate compared to sand cast. This is the current route of the manufacturing of calipers using cast irons. Pads Pads are manufactured rather traditionally. Basic process involves cutting of 2 metals one with a friction lining and then sticking them together to make the brake pad. The process starts with cutting two sheets metal. One metal will have the friction material and the other metal will act as a carrier. Once the sheet metals are cut, the two metals are bonded together by a damping layer. The damping layer is an adhesive that sticks both the metals together. Its a layer is a peroxide-cross linked polyacrylate adhesive of a thickness of about 75 ÃŽ ¼m or a peroxide-cross linked silicone adhesive of a thickness of about 100 ÃŽ ¼m. First the damping layer is applied onto one material and then the metal is pressed to the other metal. Few individual supports are punched out from the metal bonded together, providing support on one side and friction on the other. Thus the brake pad is manufactured and the process is very simple. d) Alternate Material Disc The alternate material that can be used is Carbon Ceramic rotors. Carbon ceramics rotors were into application in high performance cars because it called in for high performance.CC rotors are very heat resistant and much more durable than cast iron brake. Advantages of Ceramic Brakes over Cast iron Carbon Ceramic s rotors have more frictional force which helps in stopping the car quickly. They dissipate heat quickly which helps reduce brake fade which is the loss of friction at high temperature Since the heat buildup is lesser, the wear and tear is also reduced The overall weight of the rotors are reduced which help in reducing the weight of the car especially the unsprung mass which helps in handling. CC rotors can withstand 2.5 times the heat steel can withstand which enables it to work in extreme heat. Ceramics have found their place in most of the high performance cars. Ceramics are still under the development stage. Disadvantages of Ceramic Brakes over Cast Iron CC rotors are limited to open wheel configuration because of the high temperature generated. The major disadvantage is the low coefficient of friction in wet or damp condition. CC rotors phenomenally expensive They cannot be repaired if cracked or damaged The production process is very complicated too. Ceramic Rotors are perfect selection for sports car and high performance cars but they seem to be inefficient for normal passenger cars. There are many researches going on in ceramics as they seem to give the best of all the worlds. The potential for ceramics are immense in automotive industry. They are widely used in aerospace now. The manufacturing process is also being refined which are moderating the cost which enables ceramics in a wider driving spectrum.CC rotors help reduce the weight of the vehicle as it is 4 times lighter than cast iron which increases fuel efficiency and help reduce the unsprung mass of the vehicles which gives better handling.CC rotors are made from a carbon reinforcement impregnated with a carbon matrix which is subjected to long and expensive process. There is new ceramics under development and this field is expanding. Caliper The alternate material used in caliper is aluminum. Aluminum is a very light material and can be cast without much expense. Aluminum is used because it is light weight, stiff and non corrosive. Advantages Light weight material comparing to cast iron which helps reduce the upsprung mass of car It can be manufactured easily and tooling is inexpensive. It can be anodized for better look and protection Stiff material and gives sufficient strength Non corrosive and is not affected by water under most conditions. Disadvantages over cast iron Material not strong enough and have lesser compressive and tensile strength. Aluminum has low damping and doesnt absorb vibrations More expensive than cast iron, more manufacturing process Poor ability to transfer heat, aluminum is a poor thermal insulator. Aluminum is widely used to make calipers in modern cars due to its properties and charactertics. More research is being carried out to make aluminum stiffer and harder. Many new aluminum alloys are being produced and tested. Aluminum calipers are larger in size when compared to cast iron calipers; this is due to the fact that the required stiffness is reached only within a certain size. The pistons used in the caliper vary from steel to titanium. The caliper needs good surfaces finish and should also take high stress and shape. Aluminum delivers all the required design specification and making aluminum the best alternate material to be used in calipers. Pads As the increasing rate of technology, brake pads have improved over the years. Asbestos were replaced by semi metallic and now replaced by ceramic pads. Asbestos pad caused health issues and semi metallic pad were noisy and eroded the rotors. Ceramic brakes have been selected as the alternate material for brake pads. Advantages The major advantage is low dust formed when braking. Improved braking over semi metallic and asbestos Stable and even friction available at all temperature range Extremely quiet performance and provide comfort to the passenger The pad life has also been extended also the rotor life as the pads dont erode the rotors. Disadvantages The only disadvantage till now is the rather expensiveness of the brake pads, but with constant manufacturing up gradation, the prices will come down. Ceramic brake pads are found to be an ultimate product, but research is continuing in the process of making it more efficient and cheaper. The dusts produced by ceramics are minimal and are not noticeable making the disc more cleanly in appearance. The ceramic pads are made up of a carbon-ceramic mostly with carbon fibers within silicon carbide matrix(C/SiC).This gives all the qualities to the brake pads according to the design requirement. e) Manufacturing Route for Alternate material Disc The manufacturing process of a ceramic disc rotor is complex and involves a number of steps. Rotors are expensive because of the expensive manufacturing process. The process starts with the preparation and arrangement of multiple layers of fiber fabric. Forming a material in with all the properties involves complex manufacturing process and the properties depend on the selection and densification process. The fibers are taken and heated to a point where they dont melt or burn. Fiber arrangement range from random chopped mat to woven fabric. Then the fiber material is formed in mould to produce the disc shape and then heated to eliminate non carbon elements. After this a process known as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is used. In CVD porous product is heated in vacuum and then hydrocarbon gas is supplied in to diffuse all the cracks. In isothermal CVD, densification occurs at uniform temperature. Once the specific density and porosity is obtained, the disc is taken out and mach ined, drilled and treated with an antioxidant or special paint for protection. The process is a very length one and takes about 30 to 40 days. The manufacturing process increases the cost of the brakes. Research is being done to reduce the process while maintaining the property of the ceramic disc rotors. Caliper The manufacturing process used to make calipers out aluminum is Gravity Die Casting (GDC).This is different from High pressure die casting used for cast iron. This involves pouring the liquid gently into a reusable metal die. In this process the cores make the difference, the cavity formed due to the cores help the movement of liquid through the core. It includes two cores where one is moveable. The liquid is poured into the die and due to gravity it flows to the cavity and fills the gaps. Once it is solid and set, the die is removed and the finished is removed. After that it is machined to give it a surface finish. The main advantage of gravity die casting over sand casting is the production speed. The same die can be used for hundreds of casting. This process also gives a dimensional accuracy and surface finish. This process is widely used in cast aluminum alloy calipers. Pad Ceramic brake pads are manufactured similar to the cast iron brake pads. The ceramic material is cut into the shape and another metal piece is taken and the both are cold pressed into green compact. Sintering is carried out in vacuum where the organic binding agent concentrations get pyrolized and the metal particles bonded by reaction to carbon. Several binding agents are suited for pyrolysis.eg silicon carbide. One side of the pad will have the friction material and the other will have the support. Thus the manufacturing process for brake pad for alternate material uses expensive materials and process making it more expensive than conventional brake pads.

The Satirical Writing of Kurt Vonnegut Jr. Essay -- Biography Biograph

The Satirical Writing of Kurt Vonnegut Jr. Considered to be one of America's imaginative, original, and talented contemporary writers, Kurt Vonnegut has treated readers to such wonderful works of literature as Slaughterhouse-five and Breakfast of Champions. Most of his many novels, short stories, and plays criticize various wrongs of society. Vonnegut's work is often humorous and light-hearted, mixing settings of fantasy with everyday situations of life. Deeper themes concerning the welfare of society are clearly evident in his satire. Throughout this long career Vonnegut has used his unique style to effectively portray his outlook of the world. Edith Vonnegut gave girth to her second son, Kurt, Jr.., on November 11, 1922 in Indianapolis, Indiana. She and her husband Kurt had been married nine years at the time os junior's birth. The couple's eldest child Bernard was born in 1914, and a daughter Alice followed three years later. Kurt, Sr. had built a reputation as a qualified architect and was able to support his family fairly well. Kurt, Jr.'s early education came at Orchard Public School NO. 43 in Indianapolis from 1928 to 1936. After grade school he moved on Shortridge High, where he served as a staff member for the Shortridge daily Echo, the school's newspaper. Here we see his early like for writing. Finding himself interested in biochemistry, Vonnegut, Jr. attended Cornell Daily Sun. A year later in 1943 the young Hoosier transferred to the Carnegie Institute of Technology. Studies there were cut short by his enlistment into the army to fight in World War II. Vonnegut fought in the battle of the Bulge as a scout for the 106th US Infantry Division, after which he was taken prisoner by the Germans. H... ...gan reading Slaughterhouse-five I knew I was going to enjoy it. I couldn't put the book down. Its unusual structure and organization made it more intriguing for me. Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. is clearly an accomplished writer. After I read the book, I could see that I would most likely enjoy more of his writing. Through my conducted research I understand how he is influenced by the world around him and what he says in his works. Works Cited http://copper.usc.indiana.edu/~briscott/vonnegut.html "Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr." Discovering Authors, Gale Research, 1993. Harris, Charles B. "Time, Uncertainty, and Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.: A reading of Slaughterhouse- five'," in The Centennial review, Vol. XX, No. 3, 1976. "Harrison Bergeron." Literature and Language, MCDOUGALL LITTELL, CO., 1992. "Adam." Responding to Literature (yellow), MCDOUGALL LITTELL, CO., 1992.

The Complex Character of Iago of Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Othell

The Complex Character of Iago of Othello      Ã‚   Iago can be clearly characterized as the villain in Shakespeare’s Othello.   The notion of the "honest" Iago does at times appear not to be a misnomer.   In this essay I shall attempt to explore the complexities contained within the character of Iago.    One of the most interesting questions that crops up is the one concerning Iago’s motives. What are his reasons to kill every major Venetian in Cyprus? Shakespeare seemingly sets the stage for Iago’s actions, giving him two distinct reasons to avenge Othello. The first is the fact that Othello promotes Cassio, an "arithmetician" to the rank of lieutenant and passes over Iago who is but a sergeant. Secondly, Iago is suspicious of his wife, Emilia and thinks she is sleeping with every other man but him—including Othello. There are other reasons that Iago talks about in his soliloquies—the primary one being jealousy or "the green-eyed monster." Iago resents the love that Othello and Desdemona share and also takes offence at the fact that Othello is older, yet he has a young and beautiful wife, power, and respect, all that Iago desires. However, all these reasons seem to be false and made-up just for the sake of being excuses for his malice or perhaps they seem to sum up a sense of paranoia. Furthermore he uses these reasons to convince Roderigo to hate Othello. The real motive seems but a slip on Iago’s part w... ... Works Cited and Consulted Bradley, A. C.. Shakespearean Tragedy. New York: Penguin, 1991. Di Yanni, Robert. â€Å"Character Revealed Through Dialogue.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Literature. N. p.: Random House, 1986. Mack, Maynard. Everybody’s Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1993. Shakespeare. Othello. The Longman Anthology of British Literature. Ed. Rossi. New York: Longman, 1999. 312-379. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.   

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun - The Importance of the Strug

The Importance of the Struggle in A Raisin in the Sun      Ã‚   â€Å"Why do some people persist despite insurmountable obstacles, while others give up quickly or never bother to try† (Gunton 118)? A Raisin in the Sun, a play by Lorraine Hansberry, is a commentary on life and our struggle to comprehend and control it. The last scene in the play between Asagai and Beneatha contrasts two contemporary views on why we keep on trying to change the future, and reaches the conclusion that, far from being a means to an end, the real meaning of life is the struggle. Whether we succeed or not, our lives are purposeful only if we have tried to make the world a better place for ourselves and others- only, in other words, if we follow our dreams.    Many self-described realists dismiss this attitude as naive and unrealistic, that finding value in the pursuit of dreams is merely a self-induced delusion. Often, this perspective is obtained after much bitter suffering for little or no apparent reason, as in the case of Beneatha Younger. Already a natural cynic due to the condition of the world into which she was born, a world where poor blacks with aspirations of something better were generally doomed, she became embittered with life when her dream of becoming a doctor was seemingly shattered. From an outside perspective, it seems obvious that she reacted poorly: the money her brother lost, after all, was not hers at all but her mother's, and how she expected to finance college without the death of her father and the insurance check that followed is unclear. What is clear, however, is that the death of her long-held aspiration had a profound effect on her. â€Å"A dream glanced from afar brings disappointment when it collapses; a dream that dies w... ...th the mundane, everyday anxieties of life, giving little thought to what our existence means or how we can change it. There is another reason, however, that we should strive to mold our own future, no matter how futile a task it may seem. Lost causes can be winnable, if enough people care about them to make them succeed: there is always the hundredth dream.    Works Cited: Bloom, Harold. Twientieth-Century American Literature. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Draper, James P. Black Literature Criticisms. Detroit: Gale Research Incorporated, 1992. Gunton, Sharon R. Contemporary Literary Criticisms. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1981. Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. Literature and the Writing Process. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1996. Hansberry, Lorraine.   A Raisin in the Sun.   New York:   Signet, 1988.

Module One: Text Questions Essay

1. The financial choices we make impact our economy. Think of a recent item you purchased. What factors influenced your decision in making this purchase? Did this purchase impact your local economy? Explain why or why not. A recent item I purchased was a Patte Kode yesterday with a few friends after a SGA meeting. The factors that influenced me to buy that item were my hunger, the near location of the Haitian establishment to my school, the price, and past experience of buying the patty. By going with four friends I was able to introduce three out of the four to the restaurant in turn creating more business and consumers for the restaurant which impacted my local economy through the money that we spent. The money paid will be used to pay the workers which will also help the workers who work there to be consumers in our local economy. 2. In the lesson you learned that a market economy is where the prices of services and goods are determined through a free system. Tell what you think an advantage and disadvantage is of this type of economy. The advantages of a market economy is the ability for an individual to purchase any product that they wish through any company, the creation of competition which help to create either better quality products, cheaper products, or a mixture of both in turn giving consumers choices to choose from, and also the ability to create and own your own businesses if you wish. The disadvantages of such a system is limited government influence, because of limited government influence/ regulations workers rights are sometimes not taken into consideration and our natural resources and environment are depleted through lack of care and consideration because it’s all about making a profit. Government regulation is needed to keep businesses/ corporations in check. 3. Every day you hear on the news about different issues in the global economy. Have you recently experienced anything in your own community that was a factor from something that happened globally? Was this a good thing or bad? I haven’t experienced anything in my community from a global factor. But I have been noticing that the quarter is no longer worth what it used to be, I’m not sure if this is because of a global factor or just a national factor but no longer do I get what I used to for a quarter. Last week my family and I went washing at a local laundry matt, while we were removing our clothes  from the washer getting ready to placed them in the drier we realized that now instead of getting 10 minutes of drying time for one quarter it was now only 8 minutes. At first I didn’t think it was a major difference, I thought to myself, â€Å"Two minutes less oh well that’s not so bad†. It was until I put 75 cents into the machine I realized what a huge difference two minutes can be when multiplied. I was so annoyed because instead of putting three quarters in to dry my clothes I had to put four instead. In a way I felt cheated out of my quarter. In all with the drying of my clothes, my two sibling’s clothes, and my parent’s clothes we had to spend an extra $2- $2 that could have been spent on something else. 4. You are now familiar with government and how it plays a role in our economy. What are the advantages and disadvantages of governmental involvement? What changes would you make to improve government’s role? The advantages of governmental involvement in our economy are the regulations and limitations set for business- such as setting a standard for minimum wage, regulating working conditions, preventing the exploitation of workers, enforcement of workplace safety, setting pollution and environmental standards. I do not see any disadvantages with government involvement, governments are put into place to govern and protect their citizens, so in other words government involvement is a plus in our economic system because without it everything would be in turmoil. The changes I would make is increase government involvement in concerned with immigration – a few months ago I watched a documentary in class about the mistreatment of undocumented immigrants who worked at warehouses and factories in the U.S.- Governments should set more regulations for companies who like to hire undocumented immigrants as a source of cheap labor, to help improve working conditions for them and to prevent the exploitation of these immigrants. 5. In order for North America to operate as healthy economy, what do individuals need to do to contribute to the success of the country? How is our economy impacted when people make bad financial decisions? In order for North America to operate as healthy economy individual will need to be more finically conscience by making wise decisions in terms of how they spend and what they spend their money on. Also individuals need to be a part of the labor force to continue to be a part of the economy and help it keep it running smoothly  by being a consumer and paying taxes that will then help implement free services for citizens. A recession is the effect when people make bad financial decisions, an increase in national debt, the removal or cutting funding for social services, and increased unemployment rates.

What Is Cost Management Accounting Reporting Systems

Cost Accounting Reporting System deals with the process of tracking, measuring, recording and classifying the appropriate allocation of expenditure (financial and non-financial) for the determination of the cost of product or service in an organization and for the presentation of suitably arranged data for the purpose of control and guidance of management (Horngren et al, 2010). Costs are measured in terms of Direct Costs, Indirect Costs and Overhead/Absorbed Costs. Managers use cost accounting to support decision making to reduce a company's costs of products and services and improve its profitability. Management Accounting Reporting System is concerned with the process of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, preparation, interpretation and communication of financial and non- financial information used by managers to plan, evaluate and control within an entity and to assure appropriate use of and accountability for its resources to managers within organizations, to provide them with the basis in making informed business decisions that would allow them to be better equipped in their management and control functions thereby enhancing both customer and shareholder value (CIMA, 2010). Unlike financial accounting information, management accounting information is used within an organization typically for decision-making in varied areas like product design, production,marketing, and performance management. Management accounting systems also do not have to follow set principles and rules and is usually confidential and its access available only to a select few. Cost Accounting operates within the parameters of Management Accounting. As businesses became more complex and diversified, a more comprehensive reporting system was needed in order to help management make decisions. Modern cost accounting systems take the perspective that collecting cost information is a function of the management decisions being made. Thus it can be safely understood that Management Accounting evolved from Cost Accounting. Hence, the distinction between management accounting and cost accounting is not so well-defined and the terms are used interchangeably (Horngren et al, 2010). Management Accounting principles are also used in other accounting related functions such as Long Term Planning (LTP), budgeting and forecasting revenue and profit planning. Again, cost accounting data is used as an integral part of the process. Management Accounting Reporting Systems: Necessity & Role Value creation is the fundamental focal point for the managers in an organisation across diverse sectors (Smith, 2010). Value creation refers to both customer and shareholders. Creating customer value has been a key concern for the organizations but only in recent years have the managers come to recognize the importance of understanding the customer value – the value that a customer places on particular features of a product and satisfying customers is critical to achieving increased sales and market share and therefore to achieve the shareholder value (Smith, 2010). Shareholder value is also a key focus area for the managers and involves improving the net worth of the business for the shareholders/owners of the company. From a shareholders’/owners’ perspective, parameters like increased profits, share value and dividends are extremely important and management is charged with the responsibility of delivering on all the parameters. To enhance customer or shareholder value, managers need to understand what drives value. They have to make decisions and invest resources in the activities or aspects of their business that lead to improvements in customer and shareholder values. The effective and efficient use of resources is essential to creating value to customers and shareholders; and Management Accounting Reporting System provides the much needed critical information to assist managers to perform this role (Smith, 2010). Management Accounting System supports the organisation’s planning and implementation of strategy. The strategic planning of an organisation specifies the direction (type of businesses and markets to enter and how to compete in the market) that the organisation intends to take over the long-term to meet its objectives. Strategic planning draws on a wide range of management accounting information from costing, budgeting, performance measurement systems, as well as information from analytical studies, both external and internal to the organisation (Smith, 2010). The implementation of the strategy requires management accounting system link the long term plans to the budgeting system, to produce annual budgets that supports the2 organisation’s strategies. Performance Measurement Systems which forms a part of the management accounting system can be used to compare actual outcomes to budgets and other targets that focus on the organisation’s trategic objectives (Smith, 2010). With cut-throat competition in the market-place, well managed organisations focus their objectives and strategies on building and maintaining sources of competitive advantage. Thus Management Accounting Systems contributes to improving the organisation’s competitive advantage in terms of quality, delivery time, flexibility, innovation and cost through modern process improvement and cost management techniques. It also provides information to help manage resources, through systems for planning (e. g. budgets) and control (e. g. performance measures). Furthermore, Management Accounting System also provides estimates of the costs of the organisation’s output – goods and services, to support both the strategic and operational decision needs of managers. Cost Accounting Reporting System on a standalone basis helps the organisation in ascertaining the cost of the product, job or services. The reporting system provides detailed information about the composition of total cost for determining the selling price of the product or service under different conditions. Fully developed cost accounting system provides ready information regarding stock of raw material, work-in-progress and finished goods and also facilitates in the preparation of financial and other statements at such intervals as desired by the management. Cost accounting reporting system also helps in measuring and further increasing the efficiency of the organization (Horngren et al, 2010). This process involves a study of the processes and procedures used in manufacturing or providing goods or services to measure the efficiency of the organisation or departments and devising means of increasing the efficiency. Thus, the cost accounting information becomes the basis of formulating forward-looking operative policies. The Cost accounting information is also used to control and reduce cost and hence increasing the profits thereby increasing the customer and shareholder value (Smith, 2010). The techniques that are used for controlling cost are budgetary control and standard costing methods. The cost accounting information makes possible for the management to distinguish between profitable and unprofitable operations. Concentrating on profitable operations and eliminating non-profitable ones can maximize profit. This information also helps in eliminating wasteful expenditure of resources at various levels and will help the management in forming future course of action. Compared to other supportive reporting systems like Financial Accounting System, which provides information about the financial position and past performance of an organization on an annual or quarterly basis to investors, banks, regulators and other outside parties, Cost and Management Accounting Systems can provide information on a short and long term basis which can be past, present and future oriented and can satisfy the short and long term decision making needs of the management towards fulfilling the organizational goals (Horngren et al, 2010). The factors that contribute towards fulfilling the organizational goal of increasing profits and shareholder wealth like information for planning and controlling operations, estimates of cost of producing goods and services efficiently; and information for measuring performance can also be provided by Management Accounting Systems. Financial Accounting Reports has to follow very strict guidelines and protocol in its compilation and final presentation form. These norms and guidelines are internationally accepted and implemented while Management Accounting reports are for internal use of management for decision making and may not be completely objective and verifiable but is relevant to the issue at hand (Horngren et al, 2010). Moreover, Financial Accounting reports on the business or company in its entirety, i. e. Financial Accounting reports show the overall picture of a businesses financial position for a certain reporting period and are not concerned with any particular department of the organisation while Management Accounting reports’ primary emphasis is on segment reporting (Smith, 2010). It deals with the various segments like product lines, departments or any other categorization of the company’s activities that management finds useful and is not governed by generally accepted accounting principles. Conclusion In a nutshell, there is a tremendous necessity for management and cost accounting reporting systems in an organisation, not only for achieving the predetermined goals and remain profitable, but also to create value to both customers and shareholders. Since the complexities of running an organisation has increased due to complicated market systems and increased competition, there is a need for the management accounting reporting system to be brought under a common control framework for the effective function of the system and helping the organisation to proactively reduce cost and bring profitability.

Project †Work Life Balance and Stress in Women in Academia Essay

Question 1 1. 1 Conflict & gt ; The pattern of acknowledging and covering with differences in a rational. balanced and effectual manner. Conflict is an uttered battle between at least two mutualist parties who perceive incompatible ends. scare resources. and intervention from others in accomplishing their ends. † 1. 2 Decision- doing & gt ; Is the pick of the most suited manner of work outing a job or managing a state of affairs. 1. 3 Communication & gt ; Is a agency by which the instructor and pupils’ different demands. feelings and attitudes are conveyed to each other in order to set up cooperation and achieve ends. 1. 4 Motivation & gt ; Is the procedure by agencies of which motivations are provided by. amongst others. a director or state of affairs in order to convey about certain actions and therefore to accomplish certain ends. 1. 5 Leadership & gt ; Leadership consists of actions that help the group to finish its undertakings successfully and keep effectual on the job relationships among its members. Leadership is a set of accomplishments that anyone can get Question 2 2. 1. 1 AUTOCRATIC CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT STYLE When covering with pupil behaviour the instructor will step in and seek to command the behavior of the students. The instructor is chiefly interested in the pupils’ completion of undertakings and larning public presentation. Pupils’ engagement in the schoolroom state of affairs is limited to listening. working and making. The followers are some advantages of this attack: ? Some students may experience secure in this sort of state of affairs. ? Because the instructor lays down fixed regulations and processs. students know what is expected of them and what they can anticipate in the schoolroom. The followers are some disadvantages of this attack: ? The schoolroom ambiance is characterised by competition. involuntariness to work together and hapless subject when students are left unsupervised. Creative thought is suppressed. ? There is no cooperation. ? Students may develop a negative attitude towards the topic. 1 Student no: 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no: 2 719493 2. 1. 2 Democratic CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT STYLE A democratic manner of schoolroom direction correlates with an synergistic instruction manner. This learning manner requires that instructors should hold a sound cognition of their capable and of human nature so that they can promote their students to take part actively and meaningfully in learning and learning activities. The control of pupil behavior in the schoolroom is jointly controlled by the students and the instructor. As a direction manner it requires the instructor to keep a balance between the undertaking facet and the human facet of the schoolroom state of affairs. Teaching and larning undertakings are completed with the pupils’ willing cooperation and carbon monoxide duty which are the trademarks of democratic schoolroom direction. The followers are some advantages: ? ? ? Pupils take part confidently in schoolroom activities. It encourages inaugural and creativeness. The schoolroom ambiance is relaxed. yet productive. ? Students feel that they are involved in learning activities. 2. 2 Five manners of struggle direction? Avoidance: avoiding struggle is a short-run solution because the struggle will non travel off. Sometimes. nevertheless. turning away could be a impermanent step to quiet emotions. ? Giving in or suiting: instructors who severely want the students to accept them utilize this manner. With this manner the existent differences are underemphasized. Sometimes instructors have to give in to avoid ill will in the schoolroom and to guarantee that the work can acquire done. Domination: instructors who want to enforce their will on students use this manner. In the long tally this manner is rarely effectual. although instructors sometimes have to rule. ? Compromise or settle: this manner is marked by a hunt for via medias and colony. The instructor will seek to run into everyone halfway and to allow the bulk position prevail. Because a colony might non fulfill everybody. the dissatisfaction could once more do struggle at a ulterior phase. ? Integrate or collaborate: this manner is besides known as the problem-solving attack. The parties cooperate in order to happen a satisfactory solution. 2. 3 A proper balance between the: task-oriented and the human dealingss facets. required in every teaching-learning state of affairs. enables instructors to make a teaching-learning state of affairs with a positive ambiance. Keeping a balance between the structural ( formal ) and human dealingss ( informal ) aspects requires a holistic attack to classroom direction. The combination and integrating of these two dimensions represent the existent construction of the schoolroom state of affairs. which includes all countries of the teacher’s direction undertaking. These surveies revealed a clear correlativity between schoolroom ambiance and pupil public presentation of class 9 and grade 10 students in 12 secondary schools in Ontario as follows: ? Classroom atmosphere has a important influence on student public presentation. ? Although the personal and societal features of students are of import factors in their school public presentation. schoolroom ambiance is sometimes more of import. ? The psychosocial and academic facets of learning are interrelated. 2 Student no: 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no: 2 719493? Variables that relate straight to teaching-learning activities in the schoolroom have a particular. alone influence on student public presentation. The following are the guidelines for instructors to cultivate positive attitudes in their students: ? Put the students in the Centre. ? Respect pupils’ sentiments and handle all students respectfully. ? Give pupils a group feeling. ? Help pupils to experience secure in school. ? Make sure that pupils understand their assignments. ? Realise that students are kids. non grownups. Deal with single behavior jobs in private interviews with the student instead than in forepart of the whole category. ? Involve pupils in determination devising where appropriate. ? Do non label students. 3 Student no: 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no: 2 719493 2. 4 Classroom POLICY 1. In all cases. civility and regard for schoolmates and the teacher are expected. 2. Book bags. briefcases. etc. are non allowed on your desk during category. They must stay on the floor near your chair. 3. You may non utilize cell phones in category. a. All tollers must be turned off. B. You may non text message. topographic point or reply calls. c. All earpieces. earphones. headsets or any other accoutrement for your cell phone may non be used in category – that means. out of sight and non on your caput or in your ear. 4. You may non utilize any device ( for illustration. IPod. MP3 participant ) to listen to or see music or other scheduling in category. 5. You will be asked to go forth category if you disregard schoolroom policy. ATTENDANCE / WITHDRAWAL POLICY 1. Since the class is conducted in a seminar format. your attending is compulsory. 2. You will subscribe the Attendance Signature sheet at the beginning of each category. 3. Your category engagement points may be reduced from if you are late in category. 4. You may be withdrawn from COS 133 if you are absent from 20 % of the category. Late Work 1. No late work will be accepted. MAKE-UP Quiz POLICY 1. There are no quiz makeups. No freedoms. Scaling POLICY 1. Your class for COS 133 will be based on the points you accumulate for assignments. quizzes. and category engagement. 2. Your class for COS 133 is calculated as follows: Subject 1. Assignments 2. Quizzes 3. Classroom Participation Weight 30 % 55 % 15 % 4 Student no: 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no: 2 719493. Topic Weight A 94 -100 1. Assignments 30 % A- 90 – 93 2. Quiz 55 % B+ 87 – 89 3. Classroom Participation 15 % B 84 – 86 B- 80 – 83 C+ 77 – 79 C 74 – 76 C- 70 – 73 D+ 67 – 69 D 64 – 66 D- 60 – 63 F & lt ; 60 1. Assignments = 30 Points? ? ? COS assignments consist of a assortment of activities designed to advance a successful college experience at MCC. Your assignments will dwell of reading text edition chapters and replying related exercising inquiries. In add-on. you may be utilizing your MCC pupil electronic mail to subject Web assignments. ? ? ? Assignments are due at the beginning of the category. However. you may subject your assignments before the due day of the month. ? ? ? Distribution of points are as follows: 10 text edition assignments ( 3 points each ) = 30 points 2. Quizzes = 55 Points? ? ? Quizzes are based on your chapter reading assignments. o You may utilize your text edition to reply the inquiries. However. be good prepared for a really ambitious quiz. o If you are late for category and lose the quiz. you will have a nothing for the quiz. ? ? ? Distribution of points is as follows: o 11 text edition quizzes ( 5 points each ) = 55 points 3. Classroom Participation = 15 Points? ? ? Classroom engagement points are earned by behaviours that demonstrate o prompt attending for category 3 o active hearing O positive engagement in little group work o thoughtful parts during whole category treatments o civility and regard for schoolmates and the teacher? ? ? Distribution of points is as follows: o 1 point per hebdomad = 15 points o You can non gain schoolroom engagement points if you are absent. MCC REGULATIONS AND POLICIES Academic Honesty Policy In the academic procedure. it is assumed that rational honestness and unity are basic duties of any pupil. However. module members should accept their correlate 5 Student no: 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no: 2 719493 duty to modulate academic work and to carry on scrutiny processs in such a mode as non to ask for misdemeanors of academic honestness. Such misdemeanors consist chiefly of rip offing and plagiarism. For more inside informations sing MCC’s Academic Honesty policy sing definitions. disciplinary action. and process for entreaty look into the MCC Catalog and Student Handbook or MCC Website. Policy Statement on Sexual Harassment 1. Monroe Community College strives to acknowledge human self-respect and hence does non digest sexual torment or any other type of torment within or connected to this establishment. 2. Sexual torment is illegal and unfairly interferes with the chance for all individuals. regardless of gender. to hold a comfy and productive instruction and work environment. 3. We are committed to taking all sensible stairss to forestall sexual torment and to train those who do hassle. Code of Conduct The undermentioned actions or behaviors are prohibited. 1. The obstructor or break of any College map or activity. including the schoolroom instructional environment. disposal of the parking plan and service maps and activities. 2. The detainment. physical maltreatment or bullying of any individual. or menace thereof. or any 4 behavior which threatens or endangers the wellness. safety. or public assistance of any individual on College-owned or operated belongings or at College-sponsored activities. 3. The usage of obscene or opprobrious linguistic communication or any other agencies of look. linguistic communication. or action which may moderately be expected to arouse or promote physical force by other individuals. 4. The refusal to obey any sensible or lawful petition. order. or directive of a College public safety officer. a instructor. College decision maker. or any other identified representative of the College. MCC LEARNING CENTERS 1. Monroe Community College has a figure of Learning Centers at Brighton ( for illustration. Accounting. Math. Psychology. Writing. the Electronic Learning Center. etc. ) and at Damon ( for illustration. the Integrated Learning Center. Electronic Learning Center. etc. ) . 2. Learning centres are staffed with instructional forces and may be equipped with computing machines and package to help pupils. 3. It is recommended that pupils use the Learning Centers to acquire extra aid with constructs learned in the schoolroom and with their prep. SERVICES FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES 1. Students with a documented acquisition trouble should do an assignment with the Coordinator of Services for Students with Disabilities on the Brighton or Damon Campus to set up for support services. 2. All deaf or hard of hearing pupils should reach the Counseling and Advising Center. 3. You must supply the teacher with appropriate certification sing adjustments within the first two hebdomads of category. EMERGENCY CLOSINGS 1. If the College is closed due to inclement conditions or some other exigency. all Rochester country wireless and telecasting Stationss will be notified no later than 5:30 a. m. 2. In add-on. the home page on the MCC web site ( World Wide Web. monroecc. edu ) will expose a message bespeaking the College is closed. 3. Please make non name the College to avoid overloading the telephone lines. 5 6 Student no: 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no: 2 719493 CLASS CANCELLATION To entree a list of day-to-day category cancellations. you may 1. Name the Public Safety Department ( 292-2066 ) at MCC. imperativeness 1 for a list of off categories at Brighton and imperativeness 2 for a list of off categories at Damon ; 2. Travel to the Internet. entree MCC. travel to the A-Z listing to C for Class Cancellations and see the list of cancellations ; 3. Check your pupil electronic mail for a cancellation notice from your teacher 6 COURSE SYLLABUS AGREEMENT Detach and return this signed sheet to Professor Rodriguez. ______________________________________ M00______________________ Student’s Printed Name Student MCC College ID Number COS 133 Section Number: _________ Semester / Year: _____________ The Course Syllabus 1. The Course Syllabus ( class information sheet ) is a written legal compact between you and your professor. 2. It clarifies the professor’s outlooks and your duties. Your professor expects you to run into deadlines for assignments. documents. undertakings and trials. 3. It is your duty to reexamine the class course of study and clear up any facet of the course of study. Therefore. read it carefully and inquire inquiries you may hold about its content. Check the appropriate box. ? ? ? I have read the class information sheet for COS 133 – Introduction to College Studies. ? ? ? I understand my duties for this class. I do non hold any inquiries. ? ? ? I do non understand the demands stated in the COS 133 Course Information Sheet. I will schedule an assignment to discourse my inquiries with my professor. List your inquiries for treatment here: ______________________________________ _____________________ Signature Date.